JavaScript: What are .extend and .prototype used for?

Question

I am relatively new to JavaScript and keep seeing .extend and .prototype in third party libraries I am using. I thought it had to do with the Prototype javascript library, but I am beginning to think that is not the case. What are these used for?

Answer 1

Javascript's inheritance is prototype based, so you extend the prototypes of objects such as Date, Math, and even your own custom ones.

Date.prototype.lol = function() {
 alert('hi');
};

( new Date ).lol() // alert message

In the snippet above, I define a method for all Date objects ( already existing ones and all new ones ).

extend is usually a high level function that copies the prototype of a new subclass that you want to extend from the base class.

So you can do something like:

extend( Fighter, Human )

And the Fighter constructor/object will inherit the prototype of Human, so if you define methods such as live and die on Human then Fighter will also inherit those.

Updated Clarification:

"high level function" meaning .extend isn't built-in but often provided by a library such as jQuery or Prototype.